This post focuses on plants that bloom in the spring (February through May for the most part) and which have foliage that remains until frost.
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Thalictrum thalictroides |
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Aquilegia canadensis |
Here are three perennials that are very similar looking (and they are all in the Liliaceae family), especially when they are emerging in the spring. Perfoliate Bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata) is the first to bloom. The delicate, pale yellow bloom is deceiving – this is one of the toughest plants I know! It’s a fun plant to show kids how stems can pierce though the leaves. I also like Uvularia sessilifolia which blooms later in the season. Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) is better known and is a tough perennial as well. The arching blue-green stems with dangling bells are very attractive. The flowers develop into dark blue balls (the fruit) later in the year. The root structure is very distinctive – small annual growth scars create a rhizome that can look like a string of pearls over time. If you look closely, you can see the tiny pollinator at work on the first bloom of the Solomon's seal.
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Perfoliate Bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata) |
Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) |
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Maianthemum racemosum |
False solomon’s seal, which is now classified as Maianthemum racemosum, produces flowers on the end of the stem so it is distinctly different from “true” Solomon’s seal in bloom. The pink-reddish berries produced after the flowers are very attractive and persist long into the season.
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Cynoglossum virginianum |
A perennial that I have recently acquired is the blue flowered “wild” Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum). Note that this is not the same as “common Comfrey” (Symphytum officinale) which is non-native and has pink/purple flowers. Both are in the Boraginaceae family. Cynoglossum officinale, another non-native, is a European relative that has reddish/purple flowers that has become a bit weedy in certain areas. As always, ask for the botanical name when purchasing flowers to ensure you are getting the native version.
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Geranium maculatum |
We do have some “evergreen” herbaceous perennials. Some leaves remain green throughout the winter until new growth appears. The old leaves then fade away. These plants include:
Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia), Creeping phlox (Phlox subulata), Coral bells (Heuchera americana), Green n Gold (Chrysogonum virginianum), Pussytoes (Antennaria sp.), Hepatica sp., and the evergreen gingers (Hexastylis sp). Gingers have fascinating flowers; I enjoy showing them to kids and explaining that ants pollinate them because they are usually hidden under leaf litter.
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Foamflower, Tiarella cordifolia |
Group of Foamflower, a good spreader |
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Phlox subulata, a good groundcover |
Hexastylis shuttleworthii, good textured plant |
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Heuchera americana 'Dale's Strain' (cultivar) |
Antennaria plantaginifolia |
And if you thought those were good, just wait until you see the Summer Perennials!


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